When it rains in developed areas, rainwater washes pollutants from paved surfaces, and sediment from bare soils into storm drains.

Storm drains lead to streams and rivers, and these pollutants not only harm fish and other aquatic life but can also enter drinking water supplies.

The increased amount of impervious surfaces, such as driveways, roads and roofs, also causes larger quantities of rainwater to drain into our streams at a rapid rate.

Lawns on compacted soil can be considered impervious if water cannot penetrate the ground.

The higher volume and speed of the water lead to flash flooding and erosion and does not provide groundwater recharge.

In forested areas, most rainfall soaks into the ground and replenishes aquifers.

There are some things that you can do in your landscape to reduce water pollution.

Take a soil test to determine what nutrients your plants need.

Plants and lawns may not require as much fertilizer as you think.

Reduce the size of your lawn by creating beds of shrubs and perennials.

The landscape beds allow water to penetrate the soil and recharge groundwater.

You can reduce your need for herbicides by mowing your lawn at three to four inches.

High mowing discourages weeds because taller grass shades them out.

Use compost or slow-release fertilizer on lawn areas; they release nutrients slowly.

Avoid fertilizing your lawn before a heavy rain to prevent the runoff of excess fertilizer.

Sweep fertilizer off paved areas and rinse spreaders on the lawn so that fertilizer is absorbed by the grass rather than lost to runoff.

For decks, patios and pathways, consider porous paving options such as wood, stone, loose bricks or paving blocks that allow water to soak into the ground.

Plant trees. When it rains, trees act like giant umbrellas, intercepting rainfall in their canopies and reducing the amount of water that flows into storm drains.

Their deep roots allow rainfall to infiltrate back into the soil, where it can be used by plants.

Collect your rainwater in a rain barrel or cistern so it can be used to water plants when things are dry.

Install a rain garden to collect storm water from your rooftop or driveway.

Rain gardens capture and filter rainwater, allowing it to recharge groundwater rather than running off your property to pick up additional pollutants.

Rain garden plants are chosen to withstand both periodic inundation and drier weather.

If you have a stream or a small creek running through your landscape, plant native trees and shrubs along the stream banks.

Mowed lawn grass has a very short root system, while trees and shrubs have deep roots that help hold the bank in place and prevent erosion.

Deep-rooted plants also reduce downstream flooding, filter out pollutants and nutrients, and provide shade that improves fish and aquatic habitats.

Use native plants. Native plants tend to be better adapted to our climate, weather patterns and soils.

Most native species can withstand periods of drought once established and do not require supplemental watering.

Keep soaps and cleaners out of storm drains, where they can enter streams and rivers.

Reduce the amount of deicers and toxic chemicals used around the home. Dispose of chemicals properly.

“Growing Green” is contributed by Lehigh County Extension Office Staff and Master Gardeners. Information: Lehigh County Extension Office, 610-391-9840; Northampton County Extension Office, 610-813-6613