Although botanically the name "Daffodil" refers to only a small portion of the genus narcissus, it has become a well-accepted common name for all types of narcissus.

Daffodils are easy to grow and reliable, and their early flowering make them one of the more popular spring bulbs. And, because they contain poisonous alkaloids, they are not damaged by deer or other wildlife.

The life cycles of spring-flowering bulbs begin in the fall when roots are formed. The flowers and foliage appear the following spring. The foliage will survive after the flowers have faded, and trap and convert sunlight into energy to replenish the bulb.

Bulbs, such as daffodils, begin forming new flower buds soon after blooming. Daffodils should be planted as soon as they are purchased in the fall. Poor storage can damage the flower bud or actually kill the bulb.

Most daffodils can be planted in any type soil, as long as it is well-drained. They require adequate moisture, which they receive during normal spring rains.

Daffodils are best planted in irregular configurations (rather than in straight rows) and spaced randomly. All bulbs like sun, but keep in mind that many spring bulbs bloom before the trees leaf out, so you may be able to plant them in areas that become shady later in the season. For the most natural look, plant bulbs in clumps or swaths, not straight lines.

The bulbs should be planted to a depth determined by the size of the bulb. The rule of thumb is to plant the neck of larger bulbs four to five inches below the surface of the soil and the neck of smaller bulbs two to three inches below. It is always best to plant daffodils slightly deeper than too shallow.

When you plant, incorporate bone meal, superphosphate or a bulb fertilizer into the soil. If you own a dog, it might be best to use superphosphate rather than have your dog dig for "bones" he thinks you buried in the yard.

In established plantings, bulbs benefit from a complete slow-release fertilizer applied in the fall. After flowering, the foliage of the daffodil should not be cut back until it has browned naturally nor should it be allowed to die back early from lack of water.

The next year's flower production will suffer if the foliage can't produce enough food to replace the strength lost from flowering.

"Growing Green" is contributed by Lehigh County Extension Office Staff and Master Gardeners. Lehigh County Extension Office, 610-391-9840; Northampton County Extension Office, 610-746-1970.